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Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard
Šulová, Veronika ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Šulová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. External supervisor: pplk. doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pejchal, Ph.D. et Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard is a chemical warfare agent belonging to the group of blistering agents. The theoretical section of the thesis is mainly focused on the description of acute toxic effects, the mechanism of action, and deals with the current possibilities of poisoning therapy. The experimental section is focused on monitoring the effect of sulfur mustard poisoning in the liver, lung, and kidney of female C57BL/6J mice after the percutaneous administration. This work aimed to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and histopathological changes of the selected organs at 3, 5, and 7 days after the poisoning. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) methods were used to determine markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological changes were evaluated microscopically using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The airness of the lung parenchyma was also assessed by computer image analysis. First, the LD50 of sulfur mustard was...
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Influence of PbO and CdO nanoparticles on particular physiological functions in mouse.
Svozilová, Eva ; Vrlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to assess the long-term effects of inhalation of nanoparticles of lead oxide and cadmium oxide on the weight of selected organs of experimental white mice. The selected organs (spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, brain) were successively collected during a period of thirteen weeks. The effect of inhalation of both metal oxides was statistically evaluated. In both study groups of the experiment (PbO and CdO), the relation between organs weight and the length of inhalation and the relation between organs weight and inhalation of differing metal concentrations were evaluated, and results both of the study groups were compared to each other.
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Blood vessel tree segmentation of the mouse liver in CT data
Smékalová, Veronika ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Kolář, Radim (advisor)
The methodology of visualization of soft tissue is in biology and medicine a topic for many years. During this period there were approving many techniques how to achieve accurate and authentic image of the researched object or structure. X-ray computed tomography is very helpful to get this goal but is necessary to improve contrasting techniques as well as the techniques of image post-processing. This thesis deals with imaging soft tissue. Specifically, it focuses on mouse liver contrasting with the artificial resin Microfil. Thesis also describes image processing technique (thresholding and region growing) for the data of the measurement with the goal of the visualization of the sample in 3D.
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A Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment on a Patient After LiverTransplantation
Al Saseh, Saria ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Název: Případová studie fyzioterapeutické léčby pacienta po transplantaci jater Autor: Saria Al Saseh Cíl: Cílem této práce je podrobně zkoumat teoretické aspekty související s postupy transplantace jater a s nimi spojeným rehabilitačním procesem. Druhá část zahrnuje podrobnou analýzu případu, která popisuje fyzioterapii, která byla podána pacientovi v raném pooperačním období po transplantaci jater. Klinické zjištění: Případová studie je založena na 43letém pacientovi po transplantaci jater kvůli cirhóze způsobené Wilsonovou chorobou. Vyšetření ukázalo snížení nezávislosti, svalové síly, rozsahu pohybu, změn ve vzorci dýchání a měkkých tkání. Metody: Metoda použitá v této případové studii je založena na terapeutických technikách naučených na FTVS Univerzity Karlovy. Výsledky: Pacient během rehabilitačního procesu prokázal významné zlepšení. Tento pokrok umožnil pacientovi dosáhnout nezávislosti a zlepšit kvalitu života. Závěr: Použité terapie byly užitečné a úspěšné při řešení specifické diagnózy pacienta. Klíčová slova: Játra, transplantace, fyzioterapie, Wilsonova choroba
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The importance of liver consumption in human nutrition
Hájková, Rozálie ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Jůzl, Miroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis addresses the importance of liver consumption in human nutrition. The theoretical part describes the nutritional composition, compares the differences between livers of various animal species, and presents possible forms of liver consumption with their nutritional benefits and potential health risks. A separate chapter is devoted to possible reasons for not consuming liver. In addition to some health contraindications, these include common myths related to liver and its excessive content of harmful substances such as heavy metals or antibiotic residues. The first objective of this thesis was to determine the availability of liver and liver-containing foods in the Albert hypermarket. Here, 29 different foods were found, of which only two were chilled liver. The rest consisted of liver dumplings and soups containing them, canned cod liver and frozen mixed offal. However, the most common food containing liver was pâté, with 17 different varieties. Hence, these products are the focus of the following objective: to compare the composition and nutritional values of liver-containing pâtés. Significant differences were found, particularly in the fat and protein content and, in terms of ingredients, in the percentage of liver, the addition of cheaper meat substitutes and the number of...
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Liver cells regeneration in mammals
Ťažký, Timotej ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Onhajzer, Jakub (referee)
Liver cell regeneration is an important biological process that allows mammals to maintain liver function while recovering from liver damage. Liver cell proliferation serves as the primary mode of liver regeneration, which in hepatocytes is activated by the transition from the G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle. Proliferation is also promoted by non-parenchymal liver cells among which include Ito cells, Kupffer cells, and endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoids. In a comprehensive analysis of key signaling pathways, it was clearly demonstrated that the Wnt/β catenin, Notch, Hippo, NF-κB, and Hedgehog signaling pathways play a key role in the regulation of liver cell proliferation and differentiation during regeneration. The regenerative potential of the liver is influenced by various factors such as age, extent of damage and health conditions. Additionally, the remarkable regenerative capacity of the liver has clinical implications in the context of liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy and the treatment of liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis and hepatocellular or cholangiocellular carcinoma. Modulation of key signaling pathways and identification of novel molecular targets can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with liver diseases or even accelerate the entire process of liver...
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Circadian clock and detoxication processes in the liver
Ludvíková, Tereza ; Pačesová, Dominika (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
The circadian system influences almost all physiological processes in the mammalian body. Among other things, detoxication processes in the liver are under circadian control. Both central and peripheral clock in the liver regulate the expression of genes involved in the detoxication of xenobiotic substances and drugs. The first part of this thesis summarizes the main characteristics of the central and peripheral circadian clocks, including their molecular basis. The second part focuses on the main functions of liver tissue with a focus on detoxification processes. The emphasis of the third section is on circadian rhythms in the expression and activity of enzymes called cytochromes P450, which are the most important system catalyzing phase I detoxication, and also briefly discusses the influence of the circadian system on the expression of nuclear receptors and PAR bZIP transcription factors involved in the regulation of cytochrome P450 transcription. The last section describes the influence of the circadian system on the efficacy and toxicity of selected drugs, on paracetamol metabolism with the main purpose of describing how paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity is affected by time of administration. Key words: circadian system, liver, detoxication, cytochrome, paracetamol
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of Patient after liver transplantation and colon resection
Pavlíček, Jan ; Vláčilová, Ivana (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
v Abstract Author: Jan Pavlíček Title: A case report of physiotherapeutic treatment provided to a patient following liver transplantation and colon resection Objectives: This bachelor thesis aimed to introduce theoretical information concerning issues with a liver transplant, and large intestine resection and elaborate on a case report of a patient that underwent the above-mentioned procedures. Methods: This bachelor's thesis is divided into two parts. The liver and large intestine's anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology are discussed in the first general section. Following chapters are devoted to the main treatment options for advanced liver diseases, i.e. liver transplantation, and indication and possibilities of colon resection. Physiotherapeutic approaches used in the mentioned procedures and further options of treatment for these patients are mentioned in the later chapters. The second specialized part describes a case report of a patient post-liver transplantation and large intestine resection. Included is a report of therapies that the patient underwent as part of ongoing professional practice in IKEM in January and the beginning of February 2023. Results: The patient was not showing any signs of improvement after the therapeutic interventions. This was due to many factors including the general...
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of an Adult Patient after a liver transplant
Mahenová, Barbora ; Stupková, Michaela (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
Author: Barbora Mahenová Supervisor: Mgr. Michaela Stupková Title: Case report of physiotherapeutic care of an adult patient after liver transplantation Objectives: The main aim of this bachelor thesis is to summarize the theoretical information about liver transplantation and to prepare a detailed case report of an adult patient who underwent this surgery. Methods: The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge about liver transplantation, specifically about indications and contraindications for transplantation, waiting list, organ donation, complications of the procedure, immunosuppressive therapy and quality of life of patients after liver transplantation. Furthermore, the theoretical part covers the general principles of rehabilitation after transplantation and physiotherapeutic examination and therapeutic methods and procedures. The special part includes a detailed case study of physiotherapeutic care of a patient who has undergone liver transplantation. The case report also includes a description of the therapies that took place as part of a continuous professional practice at the Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine in Prague between January and February 2023. Results: The patient achieved an improvement in fitness and a significant reduction in pain in the surgical wound area over...
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Dopad alimentární expozice bisfenolu S na vybrané orgány laboratorních potkanů
ROČEŇOVÁ, Adéla
The present thesis investigated the impact of a ten-week oral exposure to BPS (50 ?g/kg live weight/day) in female outbred Wistar Han rats. The effect of BPS exposure on live weight, absolute and relative kidney and liver weights, morphometric parameters of kidney and renal corpuscles, histopathological changes of kidney and liver were evaluated. In addition, the concentration of total protein, triacylglycerols, cholesterol, urea and alanine aminotransferase activity were determined in blood serum.
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